Application of Naive Bayes algorithm in spam filtering, Bayesian Spam
I recently wrote a paper on Big Data Classification (SPAM: My tutor reminds me every day), so I borrowed several books on big data from the library. Today, I read spa
Bayesian formulas describe the relationship between conditional probabilities. In machine learning, Bayesian formulas can be applied to classification issues. This article is based on my own learning and uses an example of spam classification to deepen my understanding of the theory. Here we will explainSimplicityThe meaning of this word: 1) Each feature is independent of each other, and its appearance is irrelevant to its appearance sequence; 2
independence Rule) has higher success rate as compared to other algorithms. As a result, it is widely used in Spam filtering (identify Spam e-mail) and sentiment analysis (in social media analysis, To identify positive and negative customer sentiments)
recommendation System: Naive Bayes Classifier and collaborative
Naive Bayes (Naive Bayes) and Python implementationsHttp://www.cnblogs.com/sumai1. ModelIn Gda, we require that eigenvector x be a continuous real vector. If x is a discrete value, it is possible to consider the naive Bayes classi
and solves the problem of a frequency of 0. )Naive Bayes classifiers can be classified into different types based on different assumptions about the distribution of the data set P (Features|label), and the following are three common types:1. Gaussian naive Bayes (Gaussian Naive
][0] for A in P_x_cond_c.items ()}))Print ("θa1=1| C: {}\n ". Format ({a[0]: a[1][0] for A in P_x_cond_c.items ()}))Return P_c, P_x_cond_cdef predict_naive_bayes (P_c, P_x_cond_c, new_x):‘‘‘To predict the label of each new individual x, return a label single value‘‘‘# new_x probability array under category Lp_l = [(L, P_c[l] * (Np.multiply.reduce (p_x_cond_c[l] * new_x + (1-P_X_COND_C[L)) * (1-new_x)))))P_c.keys ()]P_l.sort (Key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=true) # new_x probability in category L arra
predict_proba should not be taken too seriously.
Another limitation of Naive Bayes is the hypothesis of independent prediction. In real life, this is almost impossible, and there are more or less mutual effects between the variables.
4 Applications of Naive BayesReal-time predictions: no doubt, naive
application is document classification. Naive Bayes classifier can be used in any classification scenario, not necessarily text.
2.5 features of Naive Bayes Algorithm
Advantage: it is still valid when the data volume is small and can handle multiple categories of problems.Disadvantage: sensitive to input data preparat
,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)
Application Section: Use Naive Bayes to filter spam and use cross-validation.
There will be all marked spam mails under the spam folder for data preparation, while normal mails un
This paper mainly introduces the knowledge of how to use naive Bayesian algorithm in Python. Has a good reference value. Let's take a look at the little part here. Why the title is "using" instead of "implementing": First, the pros provide algorithms that are higher than the algorithms we write ourselves, both in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Secondly, for those who are not good at maths, it is very painful to study a bunch of formulas in order to
require feature vector x to be a continuous real number vector. If x is a discrete value, the naive Bayes classification method can be considered.
If you want to classify spam and normal emails. Classified mail is an application of text classification.
Assume that the simplest feature description method is used. First, find an English dictionary and list all the
(finance, sports, education, etc.) and spam detection are all classified as text. For a detailed description of the text classification, refer to " Text categorization Overview ". Text classification can use Rocchio algorithm, naive Bayesian classification algorithm, K-Nearest neighbor algorithm, decision tree algorithm, neural network algorithm and support vector machine algorithm, this section uses
past results and forecast future trends. Currently, several typical data mining researches include association rules, classification, clustering, prediction, and web mining. Classification mining can extract relevant features from data, establish corresponding models or functions, and classify each object in the data into a specific category. For example, you can detect whether the email is spam, whether the data is attack data, and whether the sampl
'] thisDoc = array(detectInput(vocList, testInput)) print testInput, 'the classified as: ', naiveBayesClassify(thisDoc, p0, p1, pBase)testNaiveBayes()
Finally, two groups of word strings are detected. The first segment is determined to be non-insulting, and the second segment is determined to be insulting. The classification is correct.
Iv. Summary
The above experiments have basically implemented the naive
machine learning algorithms.In this section, we mainly introduce the use of naive Bayesian method for the classification of text, we will use a set of tagged categories of text documents to train naive Bayesian classifier, and then to the unknown data instances of the category prediction. This method can be used as a filter for
Bayesian decision-making has been controversial. This year marks the 250 anniversary of Bayesian. After the ups and downs, its application is becoming increasingly active. If you are interested, let's take a look at the reflection of Dr. Brad Efron from Stanford, two articles: Bayes Theorem in the 21st century and A250-YEARArgument: belief, behavior, and the bootstrap ". Let's take a look at the naive
What's xxx
In machine learning, Naive Bayes classifiers are a family of simple probabilistic classifiers based on applying Bayes 'theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between the features.
Naive Bayes is a popular
large, no algorithm can be better than GDA), in this context, even if the amount of data is small, we will assume that the effect of GDA is better than the logistic regression.However, logistic regression is more robust and not as sensitive to modeling assumptions as GDA, such as: if X|y=0 ~ possion (λ0) x|y=1 ~ possion (λ1), then P (y|x) will obey the logical model, but if you use GDA to model it, the effect will be unsatisfactory. When the data does not obey the normal distribution, and the d
+7+5) * = 46, and a daily collection of data, can provide 4 parameters, so that the boy predicted more and more accurate.Naive Bayesian classifierSpeaking of the little story above, we come to the simplicity of the Bayesian classifier representation:When the feature is X, the conditional probabilities for all categories are computed, and the category with the most conditional probability is selected as the category to be classified. Since the denominator of the above formula is the same for each
The content source of this page is from Internet, which doesn't represent Alibaba Cloud's opinion;
products and services mentioned on that page don't have any relationship with Alibaba Cloud. If the
content of the page makes you feel confusing, please write us an email, we will handle the problem
within 5 days after receiving your email.
If you find any instances of plagiarism from the community, please send an email to:
info-contact@alibabacloud.com
and provide relevant evidence. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days.